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Cyber-security regulation
In the United States government, cybersecurity regulation comprises directives from the Executive Branch and legislation from Congress that safeguards information technology and computer systems. The purpose of cybersecurity regulation is to force companies and organizations to protect their systems and information from cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include viruses, worms, Trojan horses, phishing, denial of service (DOS) attacks, unauthorized access (stealing intellectual property or confidential information) and control system attacks. There are numerous measures available to prevent cyber-attacks. Cyber-security measures include firewalls, anti-virus software, intrusion detection and prevention systems, encryption and login passwords. Federal and state governments in the United States have attempted to improve cybersecurity through regulation and collaborative efforts between government and the private-sector to encourage voluntary improvements to cybersecurity. Industry regulators including banking regulators have taken notice of the risk from cybersecurity and have either begun or are planning to begin to include cybersecurity as an aspect of regulatory examinations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Cyber: Think risk, not IT )〕
==Reasons for cybersecurity==
The United States government believes that the security of computer systems is important to the world for two reasons. The increased role of Information Technology (IT) and the growth of the e-commerce sector, have made cybersecurity an essential component of the economy. Also, cybersecurity is vital to the operation of safety critical systems, such as emergency response, and to the protection of infrastructure systems, such as the national power grid .〔(''Rise Is Seen in Cyberattacks Targeting U.S. Infrastructure'' ) July 26, 2012 New York Times〕
Cyber attacks against our nation continue to occur across networks. Based on DHS Secretary Janet Napolitano’s testimony to the Senate in 2012, in 2011 alone, the DHS U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) received more than 100,000 incident reports, and released more than 5,000 actionable cybersecurity alerts and information products.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Written testimony of Secretary Napolitano for a Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs hearing titled “Homeland Threats and Agency Responses” - Homeland Security )〕 In January 2013, Twitter, the ''Wall Street Journal'', ''New York Times'', and the Department of Energy each reported that their systems had been breached.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Obama, New York Times, CNN, Fox News Twitter Accounts May Have Been Compromised )〕 So far as we know, these attacks have only been successful at probing our systems and compromising data. However, a successful attack on our critical infrastructures could be devastating to the public. Richard Clarke, the former special advisor on cybersecurity to George W. Bush, stated that within the first 48 hours of a cyber attack, the United States could experience, among other things: classified and unclassified network failures, large oil refinery fires and gas pipeline explosions, financial system collapse with no idea of who owns what, trains and subways derailing, and a nationwide blackout leaving cities in the dark.〔(“America is Under Cyber Attack: Why Urgent Action is Needed” ), Chairman Michael T. McCaul〕 Defense Secretary Leon Panetta stated in October 2012 that, “a cyber attack perpetrated by nation states or violent extremist groups could be as destructive as the terrorist attack of 9/11…Such a destructive cyber terrorist attack could paralyze the nation”.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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